THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
The therapist shows the above diagram to see and to explain the different factors that affect the client’s behavior of not accepting the fact of having a stepfather that results problems such as disrespect to his stepfather, disobeying what his stepfather's commands and request.
The first factor that affects the child is his individuality as a child. The client’s parents got separated when he was a one year old. When he grows up, he never saw his real father’s face. In that sense, the separation of his parents makes a bad impact to R-jay’s behavior in the way of being incomplete in terms of his needs. He is the only son of his parents but now he has two stepsisters in the side of his stepfather. As the therapists doing her observation, she observed that the client does not get much attention and needs from the second parents. The second factor is the kind of relationship that R-jay has with his second family. R-jay has poor communication on his stepfather in the way that he’s action towards his stepfather is really disrespectful. Sometimes He answered his mother and stepfather in a sarcastic way. The environment also affects the child and his past experiences had a big impact to his behavior.
A theory being used by the therapist is the Kant's ethical theory. According to this theory, it claims that all persons are owed respect just because they are persons, that is, free rational beings. To be a person is to have a status and worth that is unlike that of any other kind of being: it is to be an end in itself with dignity. And the only response that is appropriate to such a being is respect. Our fundamental moral obligation, then, is to respect persons; morally right actions are thus those that express respect for persons as ends in them, while morally wrong actions are those that express disrespect or contempt for persons by not valuing them as ends in themselves (Wood 1999).It means that the client cannot value his stepfather so because of that he shows disrespect towards him. In the stepfather side, Respect for such beings is not only appropriate but also morally and unconditionally required: the status and worth of person is such that they must.
CONCEPTS
There are several important consequences of this view regarding the scope of recognition respect for persons. First, while all normally functioning human beings possess the rational capacities that ground recognition respect, there can be humans in whom these capacities are altogether absent and who therefore, on this view, are not persons and are not owed respect. Second, these capacities may be possessed by beings that are not biologically human, and such beings would also be persons with dignity whom we are morally obligated to respect. Third, because dignity is an absolute worth grounded in the rational capacities for morality, it is in no way conditional on how well or badly those capacities are exercised, on whether a person acts morally or has a morally good character or not. Thus, dignity cannot be diminished or lost through vice or morally bad action, nor can it be increased through virtue or morally correct action. Because personhood and dignity are not matters of degree, neither is the recognition respect owed to person.
Ø Another theory used by the therapist is the Social Psychology - Theories of Obedience: Milgram’s Agency Theory, .according to this theory” When a person shifts from the autonomous state to the agentic state (the agentic shift) they give up their responsibility and follow orders without considering the consequences or whether the request is appropriate. This diffusion of responsibility means that the person no longer monitors their own behaviour. Milgram believed that his participants were ‘just following orders’ and did not consider themselves responsible; his participants even sighed with relief when the experimenter said “I am responsible for what happens here.”In this theory describe the behavior of the client child towards his stepfather.
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